When Is Arthroscopic Surgery Preferred?

Major Results Through Minimally Invasive Techniques

Thanks to advancements in technology, arthroscopic surgery has become a cornerstone in modern orthopedic and sports medicine practice. This minimally invasive technique involves inserting a small camera (arthroscope) and micro-instruments through tiny incisions to view and treat joint problems. With benefits like faster recovery, reduced pain, and minimal tissue damage, arthroscopy is often the first choice for various joint disorders today.

However, not every joint problem can be treated arthroscopically. Knowing when arthroscopic surgery is appropriate helps ensure accurate treatment planning and better outcomes. In this article, we explain when, for whom, and for which conditions arthroscopic surgery is preferred.

What Is Arthroscopic Surgery?

Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure performed through 0.5–1 cm incisions, allowing surgeons to access the inside of a joint without making large cuts. A tiny camera provides real-time, high-resolution visuals of the joint structures, and specialized instruments are used for treatment.

It is most commonly performed on the knee, shoulder, hip, and ankle joints, though it can also be used in smaller joints like the elbow and wrist under specific conditions.

When Is Arthroscopic Surgery Recommended?

1. For Diagnostic Purposes
When imaging (MRI, CT scans) does not provide enough information, diagnostic arthroscopy can help identify the problem—especially in complex meniscus tears, cartilage defects, or unexplained joint locking.

2. Meniscus Tears
This is one of the most common indications for knee arthroscopy. Torn meniscus fragments can be removed or repaired via a minimally invasive approach in both young and older patients.

3. ACL and PCL Reconstructions
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, especially in athletes, are typically repaired arthroscopically. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and multi-ligament injuries can also be treated using arthroscopic techniques.

4. Cartilage Lesions
Damaged joint cartilage can be treated using procedures like microfracture or cartilage transplantation. When detected early, arthroscopic treatment offers excellent outcomes.

5. Hip Labral Tears and FAI (Femoroacetabular Impingement)
Hip arthroscopy is increasingly used to repair labral tears and reshape bone deformities in FAI. It is a preferred technique for young, active patients.

6. Shoulder Impingement and Rotator Cuff Tears
Common shoulder issues like impingement, SLAP lesions, biceps tendinitis, and rotator cuff tears can be effectively treated via arthroscopy, with faster recovery compared to open surgery.

7. Removal of Loose Bodies
Fragments of bone or cartilage floating in the joint after trauma or arthritis can be easily removed through arthroscopy.

8. Synovitis and Joint Infections
Inflammation of the synovial membrane (as seen in rheumatoid or septic arthritis) can be treated arthroscopically by performing a synovectomy or lavage.

9. Ankle and Elbow Disorders
Conditions like ankle impingement, anterior ankle pain, or elbow loose bodies can also be addressed with arthroscopy in suitable cases.

Who Is a Good Candidate for Arthroscopy?

Arthroscopy is most commonly performed in:

• Active individuals aged 16–65
• Patients unresponsive to conservative treatments
• Those with confirmed structural abnormalities (e.g., torn cartilage, ligaments)
• Athletes requiring quicker recovery and return to sport
• Individuals seeking faster recovery with less postoperative pain

That said, advanced osteoarthritis, severe joint space narrowing, or major bone deformities may not be suitable for arthroscopic surgery. In such cases, open surgery or joint replacement may be more appropriate.

Advantages of Arthroscopic Surgery

Compared to open surgery, arthroscopy offers numerous benefits:

• Smaller incisions mean less soft tissue damage
• Reduced postoperative pain
• Faster recovery and return to daily life
• Better cosmetic outcome
• Lower risk of infection and complications
• Shorter hospital stay, often same-day discharge

All of these advantages make arthroscopy a valuable option for patients who want to resume their daily or athletic activities as soon as possible.