Is Unilateral or Bilateral Surgery Better for Knee Replacement?

Is Unilateral or Bilateral Surgery Better for Knee Replacement?

Deciding between unilateral or bilateral knee replacement surgery depends on the patient's condition and needs. This article explores the advantages and disadvantages of each surgery type in detail.

Knee replacement is a surgical treatment method applied in cases where the knee joint has suffered advanced damage. It aims to relieve pain and restore function caused by cartilage wear and degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis. Typically, knee replacement surgeries are performed in two ways: unilateral (single-sided) or bilateral (both knees). The choice depends on the patient’s clinical condition, pain severity, functional limitation, and overall health status.

Unilateral knee replacement surgery is performed when only one knee joint needs replacement. For instance, if the patient experiences severe joint damage and pain in one knee while the other knee is relatively less affected. This surgery involves a more limited procedure, shorter operation time, and faster rehabilitation. Additionally, after unilateral surgery, the patient retains the ability to walk using the other leg, supporting the recovery process.

Bilateral knee replacement is preferred when there is advanced osteoarthritis or cartilage damage in both knees, with pain and function loss in each. Bilateral surgeries can be done either simultaneously in the same session or sequentially spaced by days or weeks. The advantage of simultaneous bilateral knee replacement is that the patient undergoes a single anesthesia session, resulting in a shorter total hospital stay and reduced surgical costs. However, this method carries slightly higher surgical risks and possibly a more challenging recovery period.

The selection of the surgery type depends on the patient’s age, general health, anesthesia tolerance, bone structure, and the surgeon’s recommendations. Particularly for elderly patients and those with serious accompanying health conditions, unilateral surgery is generally preferred. Younger, healthier patients who have significant problems in both knees may be suitable candidates for bilateral surgery.

The prostheses used for knee replacement do not differ between unilateral or bilateral operations; however, surgical techniques and rehabilitation plans vary. Early physical therapy post-surgery, maintaining joint range of motion, and strengthening muscles are crucial. Adherence to the rehabilitation program recommended by the surgeon directly impacts the success of the surgery and the patient’s quality of life.

Typically, recovery after unilateral knee replacement surgery lasts 3 to 6 months, during which the patient can gradually return to daily activities. Recovery from bilateral knee replacement can take longer due to simultaneous limitations in both knees’ weight-bearing and movement.

Ultimately, the patient’s expectations, lifestyle, and functional needs should be considered during the decision-making process. A thorough evaluation with an orthopedic specialist ensures the development of an appropriate treatment plan. Early diagnosis and selection of the correct surgery type significantly improve the patient’s quality of life and help sustain knee health for many years.